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The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women

Received: 6 April 2023     Accepted: 4 May 2023     Published: 17 May 2023
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Abstract

In this study we assess the age-specific variation anthropometric measurements, the estradiol hormone, and Body Mass Index variation levels among perimenopausal and menopausal Saudi women. We conducted this study on 41 healthy women aged 40 to 75 and divided them into two groups. The group included 25 perimenopausal women (<50 Years), and 16 menopausal women (>50 Years) were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood serum samples were drawn in plain and in A serum separator tube was used to estimate estrogens in the serum. We found a significant difference between WHR in perimenopausal women (<50 Years) and menopausal women (>50 Years) subjects (mean ± SD WHR: 0.9040 ±0.0351 vs.0.8688 ±0.0602, p=0.0181). There was also a significant difference in circulating E2 level, where the osteoporotic patients had a lower circulating E2 than non-menopausal women (>50 Years) (mean ± SD E2: 81.6000 ± 54.7456 vs. 48.5000 ± 20.0300 pg/mL, p=0.0002). Our conclusion showed women with the highest levels of estradiol hormones had the highest WHRs, while women with low estradiol showed the lowest WHRs. However, we need more studies involving Saudi women with a larger sample population and different geographic locations are recommended to have more complete data on menopausal women.

Published in Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13
Page(s) 17-19
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anthropometric, BMI, Menopause, Perimenopause, Estradiol, WHR

References
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[2] Banack, H. R., Wactawski-Wende, J., Hovey, K. M., & Stokes, A. (2018). Is BMI a valid measure of obesity in postmenopausal women? Menopause (New York, N. Y.), 25 (3), 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000989
[3] Bustami, M., Matalka, K. Z., Elyyan, Y., Hussein, N., Hussein, N., Safieh, N. A., Thekrallah, F., Mallah, E., Abu-Qatouseh, L., & Arafat, T. (2021). Age of natural menopause among jordanian women and factors related to premature and early menopause. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S289851
[4] Den Tonkelaar, I., Seidell, J. C., & Van Noord, P. A. H. (1996). Obesity and fat distribution in relation to hot flashes in Dutch women from the DOM-project. Maturitas, 23 (3), 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5122(95)00990-6
[5] Evangelista, O., & McLaughlin, M. A. (2009). Review of cardiovascular risk factors in women. Gender Medicine, 6 Suppl 1, 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2009.02.004
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[7] Ghazanfarpour, M., Abdolahian, S., Zare, M., & Shahsavari, S. (2013). Association between anthropometric indices and quality of life in menopausal women. Gynecological Endocrinology : The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 29 (10), 917–920. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2013.819078
[8] Lizcano, F., & Guzmán, G. (2014). Estrogen deficiency and the origin of obesity during menopause. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/757461
[9] Poehlman, E. T., Toth, M. J., & Gardner, A. W. (1995). Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 123 (9), 673–675. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005
[10] Santoro, N. (2016). Perimenopause: From research to practice. Journal of Women’s Health, 25 (4), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5556
[11] Sapre, S., & Thakur, R. (2014). Lifestyle and dietary factors that determine age at menopause. Journal of Mid-Life Health, 5, 3–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.127779
[12] Singh, S., Kaur, N., & Sharma, R. (2018). WAIST-HIP RATIO AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AS SIMPLE MEASURES OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 5, 237–242. https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2018/49
[13] Sowers, M. R., Zheng, H., McConnell, D., Nan, B., Harlow, S. D., & Randolph, J. F. J. (2008). Estradiol rates of change in relation to the final menstrual period in a population-based cohort of women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 93 (10), 3847–3852. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1056
[14] Su, H. I., & Freeman, E. W. (2009). Hormone changes associated with the menopausal transition. Minerva Ginecologica, 61 (6), 483–489.
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[16] WHO Scientific Group on Research on the Menopause in the 1990s (1994 : Geneva, S., & Organization, W. H. (1996). Research on the menopause in the 1990s : report of a WHO scientific group. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41841
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Lina Mohammed Alneghery. (2023). The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women. Advances in Applied Physiology, 8(1), 17-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13

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    ACS Style

    Lina Mohammed Alneghery. The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2023, 8(1), 17-19. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13

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    AMA Style

    Lina Mohammed Alneghery. The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women. Adv Appl Physiol. 2023;8(1):17-19. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13,
      author = {Lina Mohammed Alneghery},
      title = {The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women},
      journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {17-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20230801.13},
      abstract = {In this study we assess the age-specific variation anthropometric measurements, the estradiol hormone, and Body Mass Index variation levels among perimenopausal and menopausal Saudi women. We conducted this study on 41 healthy women aged 40 to 75 and divided them into two groups. The group included 25 perimenopausal women (50 Years) were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood serum samples were drawn in plain and in A serum separator tube was used to estimate estrogens in the serum. We found a significant difference between WHR in perimenopausal women (50 Years) subjects (mean ± SD WHR: 0.9040 ±0.0351 vs.0.8688 ±0.0602, p=0.0181). There was also a significant difference in circulating E2 level, where the osteoporotic patients had a lower circulating E2 than non-menopausal women (>50 Years) (mean ± SD E2: 81.6000 ± 54.7456 vs. 48.5000 ± 20.0300 pg/mL, p=0.0002). Our conclusion showed women with the highest levels of estradiol hormones had the highest WHRs, while women with low estradiol showed the lowest WHRs. However, we need more studies involving Saudi women with a larger sample population and different geographic locations are recommended to have more complete data on menopausal women.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Correlation of Anthropometric, the Estradiol Level and Obesity in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Saudi Women
    AU  - Lina Mohammed Alneghery
    Y1  - 2023/05/17
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13
    T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    SP  - 17
    EP  - 19
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2471-9714
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20230801.13
    AB  - In this study we assess the age-specific variation anthropometric measurements, the estradiol hormone, and Body Mass Index variation levels among perimenopausal and menopausal Saudi women. We conducted this study on 41 healthy women aged 40 to 75 and divided them into two groups. The group included 25 perimenopausal women (50 Years) were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood serum samples were drawn in plain and in A serum separator tube was used to estimate estrogens in the serum. We found a significant difference between WHR in perimenopausal women (50 Years) subjects (mean ± SD WHR: 0.9040 ±0.0351 vs.0.8688 ±0.0602, p=0.0181). There was also a significant difference in circulating E2 level, where the osteoporotic patients had a lower circulating E2 than non-menopausal women (>50 Years) (mean ± SD E2: 81.6000 ± 54.7456 vs. 48.5000 ± 20.0300 pg/mL, p=0.0002). Our conclusion showed women with the highest levels of estradiol hormones had the highest WHRs, while women with low estradiol showed the lowest WHRs. However, we need more studies involving Saudi women with a larger sample population and different geographic locations are recommended to have more complete data on menopausal women.
    VL  - 8
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Author Information
  • Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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